Transformer

Transformer

Transformer is a electrical machine and it transfer electric power from one circuit to another without change in frequency.It has no moving part in it. It has a very high efficiency .The efficiency above 10%.
In the transformer basically work on the mutual induction between the two circuit linked by a common magnetic field. It consists two winding one is primary winding and other is secondary winding.In the primary winding electrical energy is feed from the AC.and in the secondary winding energy is receive. Both winding are physically isolated but coupled magnetically.
Classification of transformation
1.On the basis of phase
(a).single phase transformer
(b).three phase transformer
2.On the basis of construction
(a).shell type transformer
(b).core type transformer
3.On tha basis of power rating
(a). Distribution transformer
(b). power transformer
4.on the basis of working
(a).step up transformer
(b).step down transformer

Principle-
Transformer works on the principle of electromagnetic device.The two winding possess high mutual inductances.If one winding is primary and another is secondary whereas the primary winding is connected to the single phase ac voltage.There is no electrical contact between the two two winding,an electrical energy gets transferred from primary to the secondary.voltage levelchange but frequency and time remain constant.Most of this changing the flux get linked with secondary winding through the core.

Working principle of transformer

 The basic principle behind workingof a transformer the phenomenon of mutual induction between two windings linked by common magnetic flux. The figure at right shows the simplest form of a transformer. Basically a transformer consists of two inductive coils; primary winding and secondary winding. The coils are electrically separated but magnetically linked to each other. When, primary winding is connected to a source of alternating voltage, alternating magnetic flux is produce around the winding. The core provides magnetic path for the flux, to get linked with the secondary winding. Most of the flux gets linked with the secondary winding which is called as 'useful flux' or main 'flux', and the flux which does not get linked with secondary winding is called as 'leakage flux'.  As the flux produced is alternating (the direction of it is continuously changing), EMF gets induced in the secondary winding according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. This emf is called 'mutually induced emf', and the frequency of mutually induced emf is same as that of supplied emf. If the secondary winding is closed circuit, then mutually induced current flows through it, and hence the electrical energy is transferred from one circuit (primary) to another circuit (secondary).